Frequency of Metabolic Abnormalities in Pakistani Children With Renal Stones

Objective: To determine the frequency of various metabolic abnormalities in children with urinary lithiasis. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Armed Forces Institute Urology, Rawalpindi, from 30 January 2017 to 1 February 2020. A total 1355 who were aged 4 14 years and had renal stones included, while those tract infections, posterior urethral valve, pelvi-ureteric junction obstruction, reflux disease, chronic failure excluded. Twenty-four-hour urine samples analyzed for uric acid, calcium, oxalate, citrate, magnesium. Demographics abnormalities—hypercalciuria, hyperoxaluria, hypocitraturia, hyperuricosuria, hypomagnesuria—were noted analyzed. Results: The analysis included patients. Low volume observed 465 (34.3%) Three hundred nine patients (22.8%) abnormalities, most common being hypocitraturia (184, 59.5%) followed by hypercalciuria (136, 44%) hypomagnesuria (126, 40.8%). Mean age presentation, disease duration, recurrent bilateral found significantly different having (7.81±2.25 versus 8.76±2.50 P < 0.001, 7.73±1.50 8.43±1.54 19.4 2.4% 0.001 respectively). No significant difference abnormal parameters between boys girls (P > 0.05) or, upon data stratification, on basis stone laterality, recurrence. Conclusion: Metabolic 22.8% % presenting frequent abnormality hypomagnesuria. Early identification helps manage such appropriately, mitigating long-term sequelae.